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Estimates of Russian Military Casualties

1. Britannica (Aug 2025 Edition)

Killed: ~198,000

Injured: ~550,000
These figures were stated by Ukrainian President Zelensky in December 2024 and are not independently verifiable.
Encyclopedia Britannica

A CSIS analysis (June 2025) projected that total Russian military deaths and injuries would reach 1 million by summer 2025.
Encyclopedia Britannica

2. International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) via Newsweek

At least 172,000 Russian troops killed (minimum), 611,000 wounded as of early January 2025.

Total: 783,000 casualties minimum, with some of the wounded still recoverable.

Broader estimates suggest total losses between 600,000 and 850,000, far below claims of 1.5 million.
Newsweek

3. Ukraine’s Official Military Estimates

Total casualties (dead, wounded, captured) reached 850,490 by February 10, 2025.
Newsweek

In 2024 alone: about 430,790 Russian casualties (dead and wounded).
Al Jazeera
+1

4. Western and Allied Intelligence

Pentagon (Oct 2024): Over 600,000 Russian casualties (killed and wounded).
Defense News

UK Defence Intelligence (Mar 2025):

2025 alone: ~138,000 casualties

Since the invasion began: over 920,000 total casualties.
Європейська правда

SACEUR Cavoli (April 2025): Over 790,000 killed or injured, plus 50,000 missing.
Russia Matters
+1

5. Additional Context & Analysis

Reddit/commentary includes perspectives from independent analysts:

Michael Kofman estimated 180k–220k KIA/MIA, and a similar number seriously injured—totaling around 500k casualties.
Reddit

Mediazona and BBC Russia confirmed 47,700+ Russian soldiers killed through open-source verification—acknowledging it to be a conservative underestimate.
Reddit

Summary Table of Estimates
Source / Estimate Russian Military Casualties (Dead + Wounded)
IISS (early 2025) 783,000 (minimum, incl. 172k killed, 611k wounded)
CSIS Projection (Summer 2025) ~1,000,000 (estimation of cumulative casualties)
Pentagon (Oct 2024) >600,000
UK Defence Intelligence (Mar 2025) >920,000 (total since 2022)
SACEUR Cavoli (April 2025) >790,000 killed or injured + 50,000 missing
Ukraine MOD (Feb 2025) ~850,490
Ukraine (2024 only) ~430,790
Independent Analysts (e.g. Kofman) ~500,000
Verified via Mediazona/BBC ~47,700 confirmed killed (underestimate)
Final Verdict

There is no single definitive figure, but most reputable sources converge on a range:

Conservative estimates: 600,000–800,000 total casualties (killed and wounded).

Higher-end and forward-looking projections: 800,000–1,000,000+ by mid-2025.

Reports suggesting 1 million or more casualties are plausible but tend to come from Ukrainian or allied forward projections and remain unconfirmed.